Optical Distribution Network (ODN) is an FTTH fiber optic network based on PON devices. It is the part of the optical access network that provides optical transmission from the optical line terminal (OLT) to the optical network unit (ONU) and in the opposite direction. It is used to allocate optical signal power and provide a physical channel for optical signal transmission.
Sometimes ODN can also be understood as Optical Distribution Node, which is an optical distribution node. Refers to the fiber optic nodes of analog fibers in HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax), used to connect analog fibers.
ODN construction needs to meet the needs of growth and smooth evolution of next-generation PON technology, and is the foundation for the long-term development of telecommunications in the future.
Australia, Singapore and other countries have established national broadband projects to be responsible for the construction of fiber-optic infrastructure networks, and ODN construction has become a national strategy.
ODN can be divided into four parts from the office end to the end user: feeder cable subsystem, distribution cable subsystem, drop cable subsystem, and fiber optic terminal subsystem.
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Fiber pigtails, adapters, fiber tracer (dumb resource management), heat shrink tubing, OTDR, red light pen, dust-free paper, power meter, etc.
There are mainly 3 types of solutions for ODN splitting, each have their own advantages and disadvantages, and can be selected based on user distribution and number distribution; The on-demand/on-chip construction mode and various spectral modes can be combined arbitrarily according to the specific user distribution characteristics.
[Solution]: Concentrated splitter, 1:32 or 1:64 ABS module splitter installed on large capacity ODF/FDT. The number of splitters can be increased according to the expansion needs, and FAT can be set up in the corridor to cover multiple floors. FAT can choose direct fusion or wiring products according to the characteristics of the network.
[Solution]: Primary splitter 1:32 or 1:64 box splitter installed in small ODF/FDT or FAT. The number of splitters can be increased according to the expansion needs of the available FAT in the corridor, covering users on multiple floors.
[Solution]: Secondary splitting, combined into 32 or 64, with a ratio of 1:8+1:8 or 1:16+1:4. The primary splitting is in the community data center/FDT, while the secondary splitting is in the weak current room of the building or the FAT in the hallway. By adjusting the splitting ratio, the ODN network remains unchanged while meeting the increase in user penetration rate.
The construction cost of ODN networks is relatively high, up to 50%~70% of the total investment. It is the focus of FTTx investment and the difficulty of FTTx management. However, ODN mostly adopts P2MP topology instead of P2P structure of copper cables. There are many connection nodes in the network, and the network management is complicated. Optical fiber is more sensitive than copper wire and is more easily damaged. There are a large number of optical fibers and passive devices in the ODN network, which are blind spots in the monitoring and troubleshooting process of the PON network management system.
FTTx PON faults are mainly distributed in the trunk cable section and the user access section, as shown in Table 1. According to statistics, the number of ODN faults such as trunk optical cable section faults and user access section faults is on the rise. It is urgent to adopt fault detection and fault diagnosis technology to effectively monitor ODN in order to reduce the difficulty of fault handling for network maintenance personnel and improve network maintenance efficiency.
Fault type | Fault subtype description |
Equipment fault | Equipment hardware failure, poor contact of ODF port, trunk optical cable section failure is cable breakage |
Cable fault | User intervention section failure is fiber breakage, macrobend, excessive attenuation and fiber splitter box failure, etc. |
Table 1. FTTX PON fault type
Currently, there are three main technologies to achieve monitoring and fault diagnosis of PON, especially ODN:
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